Different Types of Metaphors

Metaphors arent merely the candy sprinkles on the doughnut of language, not just embellishments to the music of poetry and prose. Metaphors are ways of thinking—and also ways of shaping the thoughts of others. All people, every day, speak and write, and think in metaphors. In fact, its hard to imagine how people would get by without them. And because figurative comparisons lie at the heart of language and thought, they have been picked apart by scholars in a variety of disciplines. Types of Metaphors There are countless ways of looking at metaphors, thinking about them, and using them. There are countless ways of looking at metaphors, thinking about them, and using them. But in deference to the metaphorical blackbirds of Wallace Stevens (The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds./It was a small part of the pantomime), here are a few of them. Absolute: A metaphor in which one of the terms (the tenor) cant be readily distinguished from the other (the vehicle).Complex: A metaphor in which the literal meaning is expressed through more than one figurative term (a combination of primary metaphors).Conceptual: A metaphor in which one idea (or conceptual domain) is understood in terms of another.Conventional: A familiar comparison that doesnt call attention to itself as a figure of speech.Creative: An original comparison that calls attention to itself as a figure of speech.Dead: A figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use.Extended: A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.Mixed: A succession of incongruous or ludicrous comparisons.Primary: A basic intuitively understood metaphor such as knowing is seeing or time is motion that may be combined with other primary metaphors to produce complex metaphors.R oot: An image, narrative, or fact that shapes an individuals perception of the world and interpretation of reality.Submerged: A type of metaphor in which one of the terms (either the vehicle or tenor) is implied rather than stated explicitly.Therapeutic: A metaphor used by a therapist to assist a client in the process of personal transformation.Visual: The representation of a person, place, thing, or idea by way of a visual image that suggests a particular association or point of similarity. Regardless of the types of metaphors you favor, keep in mind Aristotles observation 2,500 years ago in Rhetoric: Those words are most pleasant which give us new knowledge. Strange words have no meaning for us; common terms we know already. It is metaphor which gives us most of this pleasure.

Essay on The Jewish Partisans of The Holocaust - 1146 Words

Resistance during the Holocaust, both Jewish and non-Jewish, is a daunting task to cover. Information abounds in relation to this which leads to the problem of putting all of it into one paper. Due to this, I will only cover the specifically Jewish Partisan fighters. The movements are divided into two groups of Eastern and Western Fighters. Partisans fought in almost every European country including but not limited to Belgium, Poland, Russia, France, Italy, Greece, and Lithuania. â€Å"A partisan is a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla.† The Jewish partisans were mostly teenagers, both male and female, of which ten percent were women, but also included all†¦show more content†¦They helped distribute anti-Nazi propaganda and produced fake documents, fought in major battles against the Germans, and smuggled people, arms, money, and food in and out of camps, ghettos, and German occupie d territories. Their main objective though was to harass the Nazis in hit-and-run maneuvers. They did this by blowing up trains, assassinating major Nazi officials, and hitting Nazi convoys. They also helped start major uprisings such as the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the Sobibor revolt. Partisan casualties were usually low in number due to the method of fighting used. They were also successful due in part to the fact that they knew the lay of the land, where German soldiers did not. A basic timeline of Partisan activities follows something close to the following. The first known Jewish resistance was in Belgium in 1939 with the Jewish Solidarity. These Jews joined the Belgium Army of Partisans in 1940 when Germany first started occupying Belgium. The resistance movement grew even larger when French and Greek Jews joined resistance movements in 1940 and ’41, respectively. The Eastern partisan groups sprang up beginning in June of ’41 after the Germans invaded the Sovie t Union. The partisans continued to fight right up to the end of the war in ’45. As I mentioned at the beginning, Jewish partisans are placed into two categories: Eastern and Western. There was no major resistance in Germany, due to the fact that everything was highly scrutinized by Hitler’sShow MoreRelatedThe Most Effective Resistance Against Nazis And The Holocaust?1719 Words   |  7 PagesShowed the Most Effective Resistance Against Nazis and the Holocaust? Many events in the world have been documented in our history books, but sometimes forgotten. However, the reminisce of events that took place during the Holocaust are the ones that are never forgotten. Neither should the groups and countries that showed resistance towards Hitler. 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Their familiarity with its geography, customs, and people helped them eludeRead MoreThe Article Teens Against Hitler By Lauren Tarshis743 Words   |  3 Pageshardships and courageous acts of Ben Kamm, a Jewish ‘Partisan’ or fighter against Adolf Hitler during the Holocaust, and all Jews who faced the challenges during that tragic time. The Jewish only wanted a normal life, but German leader, Adolf Hitler, wanted to make sure all Jew would perish. So, they began piling Jews into concentration camps to kill them, Hitler would work them to death, starve them, and even murder them in gas chambers. Then, The ‘Partisans’ began to fight against Hitler and his armyRe ad MoreSymbolism And Symbolism Of The Film Defiance 1481 Words   |  6 Pagesand meaning in Defiance Edward Zwick’s film Defiance is based on the real story of the Jewish Bielski Partisans that fled to the forest during the German occupation of Belorussia in World War Two. The film was praised for shedding light on the little known organization and resistance of Jews against the giant of Nazi Germany. The film used source material from a book by Nechama Tec, Defiance: The Bielski Partisans. The four Bielski brothers are credited with saving nearly twelve thousand Jews by hidingRead MoreSenderS Profile Photofrank E. Smart. Holocaust Essay.1023 Words   |  5 Pages Sender s profile photo Frank E. Smart Holocaust Essay Mr. Grosse Feb 9 The Holocaust The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution also murder 6 Million Jews by the Nazi regimes. holocaust is also a Greek word meaning â€Å"Sacrifice by Fire†. The Nazi came in power in Germany in January 1933. They all believed that Germans was â€Å"Superior† and that the Jews, were also alien threating to call German racial community. 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They all believed that Germans was â€Å"Superior† and that the Jews, were also alien threating to call German racial community. In 1933, The Jewish population of Europe they all stood over nine million. The Jews lived in the countries that Nazi Germany would occupy of the influenceRead More Children of the Holocaust Essay983 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical precedent for it.† (Lukas, 13 Kindle) About 1.5 million children were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust—one million being killed because they were Jews (ushmm.org) The Germans had a clearly defined goal of killing the Jewish children so that there would be no remnants of their race to reproduce, resulting in extinction. Not only were the children that were victimized in the Holocaust persecuted and murdered, but they were all stripped of their childhood. Children were not allowed to be

Jackie Robinson the Unexpected Hero free essay sample

Jackie Robinson dealt with segregation and ridicule beginning at a very young age. His mother raised him and his four siblings by herself, as the only African American family on their block. As one of five, he was forced to learn how to take care of himself, and playing sports was his way of escape. Due to financial difficulties, he was not able to finish college, so he enlisted in the U. S. Army. He was not in the army for long, however, because he was court-martial (later released), after refusing to make his way to the back of a military bus.Situations such as this made him stronger and more persistent in his efforts against racial discrimination. In 1945, after leaving the army, Robinson was signed to the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro Baseball League. In 1947, the president of the Brooklyn Dodgers found Robinson and asked him to join the team. Robinson accepted the opportunity, with the knowledge that being the first African American player in the Major Leagues in many years, he would face many challenges. Many had strong beliefs about segregation and what the status differences between African Americans and Caucasians entailed.Robinson knew all of this, and the road that he would have to endure. He was using his involvement in baseball to make America more aware of the racist situation in the country. He would later be called a Revolutionist in a Baseball Suit. With Jackie Robinson joining the sport that so many Americans followed and enjoyed, history was in the making. Professor Stephen Butler spoke about what made Jackie Robinson a hero to people while he was alive, as well as what has kept him a hero to people today. Robinson was a relatable person, coming from a humble background.It is more accessible to Americans to look p to someone who grew up in our neighborhoods, and dealt with the same situations we deal with every day. Once he joins the U. S. Army, he is separated from his family, immediately after that, he is separated again after he joining to Negro Baseball League. His mission IS now to help aid the effort to desegregate the Major Leagues. Branch Rickety, the President of the Brooklyn Dodgers, becomes his mentor. He gives him the ability to play for the Major Leagues, and begin to reach his ultimate goal. While he played for the Dodgers he was met with ridicule and prejudice from those who were assist.Many were not ready for the change that Robinson was bringing about. For many years African Americans were not seen in the Major Leagues. People fell into this comfortable way of thinking, and Jackie Robinson was not welcome in their eyes. He was booed upon getting up to bat, and he was shouted at in the streets. Pitchers even threw balls at his head, and players tried to cut him with their cleats. Robinson faced much opposition, yet he never faltered. He was on a mission to end prejudice. Eventually, his teammates became his support, and they looked out for him and respected IM as a man and a player.At the end of his life, Robinson had severe heart troubles, and he lost his eldest son in an automobile accident. Despite everything that he faced, he not only led the way in the desegregation of baseball, but his wish came true that an African American would be hired as a manager for a Major League team. Dave Grin, an American sportswriter, brings up the historical and sociological connection between sports and racism. Before the Jim Crow laws were put in place in 1876, there were African Americans in baseball; therefore, Jackie Robinson was not the first African American baseball player.While he was not the first, he re-introduced the idea that African Americans were able to play baseball and succeed in the sport. He brought the idea of how things used to be back into society, and challenged people to open-up their minds beyond racism. Jackie Robinson was an example of an activist athlete. He used his sport to help others understand the world. Baseball and America as a whole were connected in their transformation; both went through the stages of segregation, integration, and celebration. Jack Johnson was another example given as omen who was an activist athlete.He was the first African American heavyweight champion in boxing, and this was not well received in the public, although boxing was the only sport that stayed integrated since the introduction of Jim Crow laws. Jim Jiffies, one of the best Caucasian boxers, came out of retirement in an effort to beat Johnson, yet Johnson won easily. This resulted in the break out of riots around the area. While Robinson was an activist athlete, he was also a political athlete. He had said that he would choose complete freedom for his people over playing baseball any day.He as using his sport to talk about his rights and the rights of others. Robinson used his skill on the field to inspire integration in sports as well as in other aspects of the country. Muhammad All, formerly known as Caucus Clay, was another example of a political athlete. He refused to fight in the Vietnam War because he did not agree with the reasoning behind the war. Robinson loved to play baseball, yet he played not only for the game, but also for the opportunities that it gave him to change society. He saw baseball as a chance to get his voice heard, and help those around him that had been silenced.Through helping to integrate baseball, he hoped that other parts of the country could be integrated as well. He knew that it was a small step, but Robinson hoped that his efforts could have an effect beyond that on the baseball field. Joseph Derision, a professor at Long Island university in Brooklyn, spoke about Jackie Robinsons legacy and how he has had a major impact on the world. Robinson not only changed the world of baseball, but he changed the world as a whole. His impact had a ripple effect. His efforts in the sport moved outward to the streets of the area, and later around the nation.Professor Derision stated, Babe Ruth changed baseball, Jackie Robinson changed America. When Jackie Robinson was born in 191 g, the world was in turmoil over the issues of racism. The mob and the military rioted the streets of Washington, D. C. Killing African Americans, and the police were unable to stop the outbreak. An African American boy strayed from the black side of the beach to the white side of the beach, and those that were there threw rocks at him, resulting in his death by drowning. These are just a few examples of the horrors that Robinson was born into.While this is how the world was before he integrated baseball, the world would be much different after he brought about a change. Robinson was able to stand up for himself, and win a small victory one day driving home with his teammates. He stopped at a gas station, started filling up the car, and then asked to use the bathroom. The owner gave him the key to the bathroom, but it was out of order. Robinson went back to the owner and asked to use the white bathroom, but he was turned down. Immediately, he told his teammates to stop pumping the gas, so that he wouldnt give this man any service.The owner broke down and told IM he could use the bathroom as long as he didnt tell anyone about it. This incident showed Jackie that he had the ability to get his way by standing up for himself, and the rights that he felt were owed to him. When Robinson played for the Montreal Royals, the Brooklyn Dodgers farm team, he led them to victory in the Minor League World Series. This brought about a craze among the people of Montreal. After the game was over, those living in the area chased Robinson through the streets. This was the first time that white men chased a black man through the streets out of a feeling of joy, and not ate.It is hard to imagine the thoughts that must have been rushing through Robinsons head as he finally felt acceptance rather than the rejection that had become all too ordinary. The man who signed Jackie Robinson, Branch Rickety, warned Robinson before he became a part of the team. He told Robinson that he could accept his offer, but the acceptance entailed a lot of responsibility. Robinson would have to accept hardships without fighting back. It was as if Rickety was asking Robinson to be like Jesus. He wanted Robinson to turn the other cheek when facing opposition. Robinson would be noninsured better seen not heard. Robinson accepted the challenge and Rickets offer, but he was already thinking of how he could bring about a change bigger than that in his own life, or the game of baseball. In 1 955, the Dodgers beat the Yankees in the World Series. During the game, Robinson stole home, and instilled the idea in all of the spectators that African American players had as much skill, stamina, and intelligence as the white players. Jackie taught lessons to players on the field that were not respectful of him or his talent. One of the many times Jackie stole home, the pitcher ride to tag him, but the ball fell out of his glove. In a fit of rage, the pitcher jumped up and tried to fight Jackie. Robinson told him that if he wanted to fight, he could wait until after the game was over. Everyone was able to calm down, and the pitcher admitted that Jackie was right. Robinson showed this kind of calm behavior whenever he was on the field, despite the negative feedback he received from those around him. When Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, baseball truly became an American sport. It is clear that he paved the way for many African American baseball players to follow.Derision called him a champion for all seasons, as a baseball player, a civil rights leader, and a role model. He faced great prejudice and opposition, but with the help of his teammates, and his strong will to succeed, he continued on his journey. Jackie stayed true to his own belief that life is not worth living unless it benefits another life. He is a legacy in the eyes of sports fans as well as all Americans around the country. He is a testament to the message we have heard so many times before: One person can make a difference in the world.

Premarital Counseling and Its Effects on the Longevity of a Marraige E

In the United States of America, less than 50 percent of marriages are considered to be successful marriages; which means that more than half of them fail. (Phillips, Willmoth, we have a seriously growing problem. The dwindling of our marriages result in a deteriorating of our families, and if the families flop our society fails. What can we do to protect our society from utter ruin? Believe it or not, it all starts with saving our marriages. It is the belief of trusted psychologists, therapists, and members of the clergy that premarital counseling could be the resolve to this growing epidemic. We hear this all the time, but does it really work? Is it sincerely worth going through? The research set forth in this work will give a brief examination of the following: what a Marriage is, the definition of pre-marital Counseling and its Purpose. It will also observe the methods and styles of Pre-Marital Counseling. Finally, we will actually gaze into some of the effects it may have on a marriage. So then, what is a marriage? This question is often asked by many who are peripatetic around the idea of getting married. (Smith, 2008) In truth, a marriage is a collaborating relationship between individuals who have agreed to come together with governmental, social, or religious recognition, based on a fervent bond. (Cunningham, 1999) We have come to identify and understand marriage as a legally recognized union of a male and a female party either by ceremony or common law. (Smith, 2008) Due to the changes of the course of time, marriage now entails dissimilar meanings. (Cunningham, 1999) Marriage is now identified, in some people?s minds, as a loving relationship between two people in which they overtly promise to remain together ?for better or worse, for richer or poorer, in sickness and in health until death?. (Cunningham, 1999) However, little emphasis is placed on the commitment of marriage. (Cunningham, 1999) The focus of young couples aspiring to be married is love and emotional disposition. (Cunningham, 1999) Marianne Moore describes a marriage as an enterprise used as a tool by which the self-deceived naively hope in the effectiveness of what she called, ?public promises? to fulfill a ?private obligation? (Holley, 1987) Moore goes further to say,? psychology which explains everything explains nothing,? which implies that many simply have a lack of understanding of what marriage really is. It sounds logical, but yet it does not make sense. (Holley, 1987) If that were not interesting enough, she takes it to another level by making mention of the first marriage between Adam and Eve. Their marriage is placed into a very rigid perspective with which she describes their marriage as uncomfortable and a troubling inconvenience. (Holley, 1987) The poem ?Marriage? is often viewed as an attack on marriage, due to Marianne?s use of metaphoric language to explain in detail the very serious, and sometimes harsh, realities of marriage. (Holley, 1987) However, marriage is no fairytale, and it is very little happy endings in life. She speaks very bluntly about two people who are self-absorbed and self-centered. (Holley, 1987) Their main concern is their own needs, likes, dislikes, and opinions. (Holley, 1987) On the contraire, marriage is an agreement to be utterly concerned with the other person. Just look at the vows taken by both parties; ?I, (your name), take you (spouse?s name), to be my (wife/husband), to have and behold from this day on, for better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish; until death do us part.? (Unknown, 2013) These vows do not express any form of selfishness. They present the idea that my new passion in life is to behold, love, and cherish this wonderful human being I have taken as my spouse. (unknown, 2013) As wonderful as this might sound, this is not as wonderful to do. This level of commitment can be seriously painful to do at times. Just think, it is greatly challenging to make someone else the sole concern of one?s